The Talents: Two Takes

Enter in to the joy

Robert Farrar Capon

The Parable of the Talents… is about a judgment rendered on faith-in-action, not on the results of that faith. Not only does the lord of the servants who doubled their talents praise them precisely as faithful ("well done, good and faithful servant"); the doubling seems to be due more to the talents themselves than to the efforts the servants put into doing business with them. The servant who was given five makes five more; the one who received two makes two more. To me that says that the grace of acceptance does its own work; all we have to do is trust it. It emphatically does not say that God is a bookkeeper looking for productive results. The only bookkeeper in the parable is the servant who decided he had to fear a nonexistent audit and who therefore hid his one talent in the ground. And as if to underscore the indifference of God to book-keeping, Jesus gives two twists to the parable. He has the lord say (to the useless servant) that he would have accepted anything—even rock-bottom savings-account interest—that the one talent might have produced as a result of faith-in-action. And he has the lord take the talent away from that servant and give it to the one who has ten. Were Jesus at pains to show that God was interested in bottom lines, why would he not have had the lord give it to the fellow with four? Why this bizarre enriching of the already rich, if not to show God's aversion to any counting at all? The goodness of his grace does all that needs doing.

Here, therefore, as in the Laborers in the Vineyard, it is only the bookkeeping of unfaith that is condemned; the rest of the story is about the unaccountable, even irresponsible joy of the Lord who just wants everybody to be joyful with him.

That brings us to the second theme. As the parable of the Ten Virgins was about the happiness of the bridegroom at his wedding, so this one is about the ebullience of the lord's joy at throwing his money around. It is the theme of the divine party again, the party that lurks beneath the surface of history and calls only for a recognition by faith. It is the fatted calf served up for a prodigal who did nothing but come home in faith. It is the free champagne and caviar for wedding guests who did nothing but trust the king's insistence on providing fancy costumes and party hats. It is the full pay for next-to-no-work-at-all given to grape pickers who just said yes to a last-minute promise. The only reason that judgment comes into it at all is the sad fact that there will always be dummies who refuse to trust a good thing when it's handed to them on a platter. That is indeed a grim prospect. And it is grim because, if we have any knowledge of our own intractable stupidity, we know that those dummies could just as well be ourselves. But for all that, it is still about joy rather than fear. The final balance it strikes is the balance of Advent once again: without shame or fear we rejoice to behold his appearing because we have decided to believe him when he says he wills us nothing but the best.

And there is the third and last theme I want to underline: the sheer needlessness of fear, the utter non-necessity of our ever having to dread God. The servant with his little shovel and his mousy apprehension that God is as small as himself is such a nerd! He is just one more of the pitiful turkeys that Jesus parades through his parables to shock us, if possible, into recognizing the stupidity of unfaith. The elder brother, the man without the wedding garment, the laborers who worked all day, the Pharisee who tried to wheedle God into thinking he was a good egg — all of these are cardboard figures, cartoon characters designed to elicit only a smile at the preposterousness of their behavior. It is also true, of course, that they are the figures we most easily identify with.

But then that is because we are just as preposterous. We spend our lives invoking upon ourselves imagined necessities, creating God in the image of our own fears — and all the while, he is beating us over the head with the balloon of grace and the styrofoam baseball bat of a vindicating judgment. The history of salvation is slapstick all the way, right up to and including the end. It's the Three Stooges working only for laughs. God isn't trying to hurt anyone; he's not even mad at anyone. There are no lengths to which he won't go to prove there are no restrictions on the joy he wants to share with us. If you were never afraid of Curly, Larry, and Moe, you don't need to be afraid of the Trinity either.

Excerpt from: Robert Farrar Capon, Kingdom, Grace, Judgment: Paradox, Outrage, and Vindication in the Parables of Jesus. Eerdmans: Grand Rapids: MI. 2002.

The Good Kind of Worthless

Debie Thomas

“For to all those who have, more will be given, and they will have an abundance; but from those who have nothing, even what they have will be taken away.  As for this worthless slave, throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”

These are the chilling words that end the “Parable of the Talents,” our Gospel reading for this twenty-fourth Sunday after Pentecost.  No doubt you know the story: a wealthy man summons three of his slaves and entrusts them with "talents."  Then he goes away “for a long time.”  While he’s gone, two of his slaves invest the money they've been given, and make huge profits for their master.  The third slave, meanwhile, digs a hole in the ground and buries the single talent that was given to him. When the master returns, the slaves who’ve turned a profit are commended, gifted with more wealth, and invited to “enter into the joy” of their master.  But the third slave is called “wicked,” “lazy,” and  “worthless,” and cast into the outer darkness.

This is a story we usually associate with stewardship.  As in: our Master (God) has entrusted each one of us with “talents” (money, assets, abilities, strengths), and God expects us to invest those talents boldly and creatively for the sake of the Kingdom.  If we do so, God will praise and reward us accordingly.  But if we “bury” our talents, refusing to invest them as God desires, God will consider us “worthless” stewards, and we will suffer the unpleasant consequences of our master’s displeasure.

In case it isn’t obvious already, I’m not fond of this all-too-common interpretation.  I worry about the unexamined assumption at its heart — the assumption that the slavemaster in the story is God.  As Episcopal priest Barbara Brown Taylor puts it, “How you hear a parable has a lot to do with where you are hearing it from.”  If we’re okay with descriptions of God that render God (even metaphorically) as a harsh and punitive slave master, then where exactly are we located, vis-à-vis the Gospel story?  Who are we inadvertently erasing or harming for the sake of a tidy sermon series on tithes and offerings?  What histories, legacies, and communities are we sidelining when we refuse to interrogate toxic representations of the Divine?

For me, the metaphor of God-as-wealthy-slave-master doesn’t align with the gracious and justice-oriented God Jesus describes throughout the Gospels — the God who privileges the poor, blesses the meek, frees the prisoner, feeds the hungry, clothes the naked, liberates the slave, and protects the orphan.  I can’t reconcile the God Jesus incarnates among the peasant multitudes with a greedy estate owner who “reaps where he doesn’t sow, and gathers where he doesn’t scatter.”  And I don’t recognize the kingdom of God in a story where those who have plenty receive still more, while those who have close to nothing lose even the little they have — and then face God’s wrath on top of those losses.

So what should we do with the parable?  How shall we read it?  This past week, as I wrestled with these questions, I had a conversation with my son, who often asks me what Gospel texts I’m working on for my next JwJ essay.  I read him the parable of the talents, fully expecting him to hate it — and he astonished me with his reaction:  “That’s a great passage!” he said.  “It sums up everything Christianity is about.  I love it!”  Baffled, I asked him what exactly he "loved."  “Oh, isn’t it obvious?  I love how the third slave is the hero of the story!”

Needless to say, my son’s reaction to the parable sent me down a different research path than I might otherwise have taken.  As it turns out, it is very possible to read the third slave as the “hero” of the story.  Moreover, I think the story makes more sense — and aligns more beautifully with the God Jesus describes in the Gospels — if we read it this way.  Specifically, I think the parable works better if we read it descriptively rather than prescriptively.  What if the parable is not about a punishing God at all?  What if it’s about us?  What if it’s about life on earth as it is, here and now?

I’ve drawn what follows from New Testament scholar Amy Jill Levine, who asks us to consider what parables “do” rather than what they “mean,” and from the liberationist work of New Testament professor, William Herzog.  For his full treatment of this parable, see his 1994 book, Parables as Subversive Speech: Jesus as Pedagogue of the Oppressed.

First, some context: In Jesus’s day, “talents” were not coins or small wads of cash.  They were hefty precious metals (usually gold or silver) that weighed somewhere between 80 and 130 pounds.  A single talent was worth approximately twenty years of an ordinary laborer’s wages.  In other words, a talent represented a staggering amount of money to Jesus’s peasant audience.  An unthinkable, lottery-jackpot-sum that only the wealthiest elite might possess.

How did the elite amass that kind of wealth?  They lent money to the farming poor at exorbitant interest, and systematically stripped those debtors of their land.  Often the people who took such loans — at rates between 60 and 200% — did so out of desperation, putting their fields up as collateral in last-ditch efforts to save their livelihoods.  Inevitably, their efforts would fail.  Drought would hit, or a debtor would grow ill, or a crop would yield too little.  At that point, the staggering interest rates a farmer agreed to would kick in and force foreclosure, and the poor man would have no choice but to surrender his ancestral land, watch as the wealthy elite repurposed his fields for profit, and join the multitudes of landless day laborers who couldn't know from day to day where their bread would come from.

This, Herzog writes, is the situation Jesus describes in the Parable of the Talents.  The three slaves in the story are the wealthy master’s “retainers” or household bureaucrats — essentially, the middle-men who oversee the land and the workers, collect the debts, and keep the profits coming while the master travels on business.  It is understood by everyone involved that the slaves are free to make a little extra on the side — by charging the farmers additional fees or interest — as long as they keep the money flowing for their master.  In this scenario, the slaves’ status, wealth, and well-being are inextricably tied to the master’s.  The more money they make for him, the better and more comfortable their own lives become.

What happens when we read the parable of the talents through the cultural and economic lens Herzog offers?  A member of the wealthy 1% gives three of his most trusted workers a jackpot to play with.  They know the rules — the more they make for the boss, the more they’ll get to keep for themselves.  The name of the game is exploitation — no questions asked — and the only rule is: turn a profit.  Turn as huge a profit as possible.

Two of the slaves do exactly as they’re told.  They take their talents out into the world and double them on the backs of the poor.  Who knows how many fields they seize, how many farmers they impoverish, how many families they destroy?  It doesn't matter: they fulfill the bottom line.  They make a profit.  When the master returns and sees what they’ve accomplished on his behalf, he’s thrilled.  He invites the two enterprising slaves to enter into his “joy” — the joy of further wealth, further profit, further exploitation.

But the third slave?  The third slave in the story opts out.  He decides that his master’s character is greedy and corrupt, and that he no longer wants to participate in a dishonest system of gain, a system based on oppression and injustice.  Knowing full well what it will cost him, the slave buries the heavy talent in the earth.  He hides it, literally taking it out of circulation, putting it where it will do no further harm to the poor.

Is it any surprise that the master abuses and banishes the third slave when he returns from his journey?  In Herzog’s words, the slave is more than a quiet hero; he is a whistle-blower.  At great cost to himself, he names the exploitation — the same exploitation he colluded in and benefited from for years.  He relinquishes his claim on wealth and comfort, calls out the master’s greed and rapacity (“I knew you were a harsh man, reaping where you did not sow, and gathering where you did not scatter seed”), and accepts the ostracism and poverty that must follow from his choice.

My son described this parable as a summation of what Christianity is all about, and I'm still pondering that possibility.  What if he's on to something?  Maybe this isn’t a parable about the coming kingdom of God.  Maybe this is a parable about the world we occupy right now.  A parable about what faithfulness looks like in hard, hidden places.  A parable about our complicity, and the high stakes involved in ending it.  A parable about speaking truth to power.  A parable about opting out of systems of oppression and exploitation — even and especially when we are accustomed to benefiting from such systems.  A parable about interrupting "business as usual" for the sake of justice and mercy.  A parable about turning reality upside down in the name of love.  A parable about saying, “Enough is enough,” when it comes to the abuse and marginalization of the world's most vulnerable people.  A parable about the rejection, impoverishment, and loneliness we might suffer if we take seriously the call of God.

Does the work sound too difficult?  Too risky?  Does this interpretation of the parable "do" too much — provoke too much?  Prod too hard?  Maybe.  But consider this: Jesus asks nothing of us that he has not done himself.  Just days after telling this parable, he was “cast into the outer darkness” of crucifixion, torment, and death.  Like the third slave, he was deemed "worthless" and expendable by the people who wielded power and influence in his day.  Like the third slave’s costly talent, he was buried in a rock-hewn tomb.  

Apparently, there is a good kind of "worthless" in the economy of God.  May we find the courage to embody it.

By Debie Thomas, https://www.journeywithjesus.net/essays/2814-the-good-kind-of-worthless

Image Credit: https://orthochristian.com/115727.html